Health Promotion Strategies for Obesity

Health Promotion Strategies for Obesity Introduction Australian Health Ministers have identified obesity as an area of National Health Priority Area as evidenced and supported by Durand 2007 â€Å"reversing the obesity epidemic is an urgent priority†. Through this essay we will discuss the determinants of health, what is obesity and possible strategies for primary, secondary, and tertiary health promotion for obesity. Most of the primary strategies used are targeted towards children as most of the programs used to promote healthy eating and exercise, according to the literature, reside predominantly in schools while secondary and tertiary promotion are targeted at adults and families. The key feature of the primary strategies of health promotion to deter behaviors and lifestyle choices that leads to obesity is education, which is why the school aged population is targeted. The discussion of the primary strategies in health promotion will generally focus on school run programs and activities. From here we will explore the options of screening and testing under the secondary health promotion for obesity which will be aimed at children, adults and families before delving into management of obesity, patient education and other tertiary health promotions available although in this instance most will mostly be targeted towards the adult population. Through the discussion of this health promotion, will we analysis and determine possible limitations and implications for nursing practice. We will commence with the definition of the determinants of health which in this case refers to the causes of obesity in our community and briefly explore possible causes and reasons for obesity. Determinants of health Buttriss (2008) theories that the current obesity trend threatens public health and the research (Galani, Al, Schneider, Rutten, 2007)supports that not only does obesity become a precursor to morbidity and mortality but an economic drain on government funds the healthcare system in turn cause implication for nurses to accommodate a bariatric patient who will become physically difficult to manually handle and becomes a drain on the nurses resources for a condition that could have been prevented or minimized through deterrences and patient education. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the accepted measurement to determine at what state the body is currently in. Chapman, (2004) explains that a BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 is a normal weight range and is therefore the desired state however, the trends in this research confirms a steady increase of BMIs over the last 20 years. As a western style nation we have unlimited access to promotion of fast foods and sedientry like activities (internet, video games etc) and in turn have allowed unhealthy food of convience that are econmically and geographically avaliable destroy our health. Television advertisements target young children during children programming hours inluence there decisions and according to Galani (2007) most of the underprivileged suburbs contain the most amount of fast food outlets. So from the research gathered can we establish the obesity impinges on the under privilaged, uneducated and the easily influenced minds of children who in turn influence the main purchasers of groceries. Obesity and other related chronic health condition order to maintain a healthy body weight you must be able to â€Å"balance intake with expenditure† (Frable, Dart, Bradley, 2002) which is were the health promotion strategies take effect by educating about how to conduct this balancing act and why it is important to be within a normal weight range. Primary Health Promotion strategies for obesity Primary health promotion is encouraging behviours that will improve health and over all well being, when relating primary health promotion to obesity we are identifying programs and strategies avaliable to the public in paticular, school aged children. Durand, Logan, Carruth (2007) have labeled childhood obesity â€Å"as a critical public health threat for the 21st century† and so we will examine how some of the programs being run at school will benfit not only the general health of children but also reduce future implications on the nursing practice as these children become adults. The Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden National Programs (Better Health, 2009) is a government funded program for primary school children that teaches them to grow and harvest their own fruit in vegetables in a school garden, how to cook and appreciate fresh and seasonal foods and has the benefits of teaching them lifelong skills, keeps them moving and activate in the garden and linking good food choices to optimal health. School ride-a-thons, and walk to school day are also school promoted activities to encourage movement and exercise while portraying exercise to be fun and social activity. Physical education has become an integral part of primary school life where children are encouraged and given an incentive to participate in team sports and activities with a little healthy competition to help motivate and in some children serve a purpose to an exercise. Programs that are inclusive to all children and are made fun provide the incentive they need to get moving and exercise. By promoting positive healthy eating and exercise will help them the healthy choice the easy choice. Schools are enforcing healthy lunch policy where children are encouraged to bring along healthy foods for lunch and monitored by the teachers. Teachers are encouraging experimenting with foods by awarding points or awards for the healthiest food or most interesting food brought during the week and also undertaking a session on the food pyramid and the 2 and 5, 2 fruit and 5 veg a day theory and to enforce these positive attitudes you only have to look to the likes of Sesame Street where the characters explain what a â€Å"sometimes type of food is† meaning food and treats in moderation and on occasion. Popular fruit commercials with catchy jingles such â€Å"Bananas, make those bodies sing† all equate healthy food choices to being healthy. Commercial campaigns like â€Å"Life be in it† displaying fun activities that children can partake in and new adventures to ha ve all while being active and involved in some sort of physical activity. Opposed to secondary and tertiary health promotion of behaviour modification (Galani, Al, Schneider, Rutten, 2007), these programs influence children and their food and exercises choices to have a positive relationship with food and link good food and physical exercises choices with optimal health. Although these programs are designed for children, the influences of their learnings may well sway their parents and family to also adapt a healthier lifestyle pattern and in turn succeed in promoting health and the healthy choice to their families, friends and well into their communities. These programs run at school are addressing the childhood obesity epidemic by providing education in a fun way about healthy choices and in turn will decrease the amount of children becoming obese adults. Although Kelly Melnyk (2008) research shows that the combination of nutrition, physical activity and education decreases BMI, this theory, however, is partial to the limited research on the affects of these programs and a study should be conducted on how these principals may change or influenced once leaving primary school and progress through the life span as according to Buttriss (2008) â€Å"as yet, no indication of a decline in the rates of obesity in children and adults† although Barl ow et al (2002) argues that these health promotion preventions may lead to favourable long term outcomes. Regardless of the limitations discussed these positive approaches to healthy eating and embracing an active lifestyle will set them ultimately as an adult with good lifestyle choices and therefore reduce the risk of obesity in adulthood. Secondary Health Promotion Strategies for Obesity Interventions and screening for obesity are necessary in order to battle this increasing epidemic plaguing the general population. As with the education and programs being run at school with the primary strategies of health promotion, schools are now undertaking responsibility of some possible interventions and screening. As Physical Education has become an integral part of the schools curriculum, the subject measures the BMI students in conjunction with fitness tests and provides information, strategies and resources to those most vulnerable to obesity and how as a family they can combat the prevalence of obesity. As its teachers who are involved with students for most part of the day, they are able to accurately assess using observation of a pupils motivation and participation in activities and according to Larson, Mandleco, Williams, Tiedman (2006) â€Å"a happy child if often a healthy one.† Australian Goverment Department of Health and Ageing (2009) has introduced a health check program called â€Å"Get set 4 life†. It is avaliabe to all Australian residents aged 4 years and serves the purpose to detetrmine if these children are fit, healthy and ready to learn as the enter their first year of primary school. Carried out by a GP or a nurse registered with the program and involves a history collection and assessment and in return provided with interventions and health advice. Using age appropriate tools and resources, this program teachers parents how to teach there children from an early age about better health while making it fun. The benefits of the program is that it is covered by medicare and so can they be bulk-billed and that they can recieve this check with their 4 year old vaccination. These health checks are used as an early detection device to examine those most at risk of childhood obesity and the research conducted by Durand et al (2007) illustartes th at only 1 in 5 mothers were able to correctly identify that they child was in fact overweight which was prevalent in low education knowledge and a high risk of obseity themselves on the mother behalf and â€Å"may be the barrier to prevention of childhood obesity.† This is imperative as Larson et al(2006) research identifeys a link between paternal obesity and the risk of children developing obesity .These health checks provide a professional health care point of view and dilvierd with the best possible intentions and most up-to date resources. Some of the limitations of this program is that it is only avaliable for 3 to 5 year olds and only one health check can be made. With no review or follow up of how effective these interventions and strategies actually are, we are implementing a program that the research in unable to justify. Moving away from just child secondary health promotions we can also explore the Australian Better Health Intiative Campigan, (2009) called â€Å"Measure up† targeting 25-60 particularly families and older Australians most likely to already be suffering from one chronic health condition possibly exacibated by high BMI. This campigan however does not differ from other screening and prevention tools as the goals are still to make healthy lifestyle choices and associate good life style choices with optimal health. This campaign sends measureing tapes out to the population to measure their waist and given an indication of what sort of risk they may be in developing chronic health conditions related to expanding waist lines. This campigan offers the population the chance to investigate for themselves options in reducing their risk of chronic health conditions and to seek further advice from health care professionals with any concerns or further testing while encouraging an invested intrest in their own health as well as that of their families. Tertiary Health Promotion for Obesity Tertiary health promotion in obesity is often when obesity has been identified and management of the condtion which includes â€Å"a wide variety of treatments for obesity are avaliable including diet, physical exercise, behavioural modifications, pharmacological treatmet and surgery† (Galani, Al, Schneider, Rutten, 2007). In order to undertake these treament , assessing and â€Å"identifying at risk families as early as possible† (Buttriss, 2008) is benficial to ensure exstreme measures of treatment are not offered when aquate patient education will suffice. Of course the best way to intervene is to modify behaviours and lifestyle choices to encourage opitmal health. If these means are in no way effective, then surgical options â€Å"should be offered to patients who are morbidly obese, well informed, motivated and willing to accept the operative risks† (May Buckman, 2009)

Factors Affecting Academic Performance Essay

Like many Americans caught up in the economic downturn, college students are worried about money. Now research indicates that financial worries may affect their academic performance. This year’s National Survey of Student Engagement, released on Thursday, reveals that more than a third of seniors and more than a quarter of freshmen did not purchase required academic materials because of the cost. Roughly equal shares, around 60 percent, said they worried about having enough money for day-to-day expenses. And 36 percent of freshmen and 32 percent of seniors reported that financial concerns had interfered with their academic performance. Since 2000, Nessie, as the survey is known, has collected wide-ranging data to help colleges develop effective educational practices and promote engagement. Students are asked, for instance, how much time they spend studying, whether they get involved with campus organizations, and how they interact with their professors and peers. This year the researchers, based at Indiana University at Bloomington, also assessed how the economy was affecting students at a subset of the 546 American colleges that participated. The survey examined students’ employment, finding that among freshmen, nearly 20 percent worked on campuses, and about 30 percent worked elsewhere. For seniors, those proportions were about a quarter on campuses and more than half elsewhere. Students working off campuses logged more hours: More than half of seniors working on campuses worked less than 15 hours a week, but 40 percent of full-time seniors in off-campus jobs worked more than 16 hours a week; 20 percent logged 30 or more hours. Other research has found that working up to 20 hours a week can increase students’ engagement and improve their academic performance, but that a greater time commitment can be detrimental. In this year’s survey, more than half of full-time seniors who worked 21 or more hours a week said their work schedule interfered with their studies. Yet 60 percent of those students said they had investigated working even more hours to help cover the cost of college. Related Content Grades and Tests May Miss What Matters Most in Learning Charts: How Financial Worries Are Affecting Students Alexander C. McCormick, director of the survey, says institutions should consider such findings an opportunity to get a better sense of the financial stressors that shape students’ academic experiences. Most colleges, he points out, know which students have on-campus jobs. But administrators could do more to figure out how much time students spend working off-campus, and whether those commitments threaten their academic success. â€Å"You can never do enough to understand who your students are,† Mr. McCormick says. But collecting data is the easy part. â€Å"The really hard work is up to the colleges and universities, to figure out what the data mean and what they want to do in response.†

What Everybody Dislikes About Great Essay Samples and Why

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The Era Of The 19th And 20th Centuries - 1664 Words

1: The era of the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe was largely defined by imperialism and nationalism. How did these concepts influence the manner in which the world wars were fought? In what ways are they global ideals? How did these notions cause the wars to become global in nature? What role did the colonies play in the wars? What changes did the wars bring to relationships between European countries and their colonies? Imperialism is the concept of European dominance of non-Western lands through economic exploitation and political rule. Nationalism, on the other hand, is an ideology that says that all people derive their identities from their nations, which are defined by common language, shared cultural traditions, and sometimes†¦show more content†¦When war broke out, these rivalries led to different sides of war. One nation’s ally’s enemies were also their enemies. Furthermore, the countries that were overtaken by European nations such as Britain, Germany, and Russia were often forced into battle on the side of their rulers. Nationalism was also a cause of the Great War because this form of extreme patriotism placed the interests of one’s own country above all other countries. Citizens of any one particular country thought that their nation was without blame, that their enemies were in the wrong, and that a European war was both necessary and winnable, no matter the size of their military. Nationalism and imperialism were both global ideas because the majority of European nations could be described as such during this time period. Imperialism created an extensive web of allies and enemies that was extremely intertwined and difficult to unravel, which caused both the Great War and the Second World War. While nationalism and imperialism are underlying causes of both World Wars, imperialism was a cause to a lesser extent of World War II. By this time, many nations were fighting for and winning their independence. The World Wars, World War II in particular, led to a change in the relationships between European nations. By the end of the Second World War, Germany was seen, almost universally, as the nation to blame for the catastrophic events of the 1930s-1940s. The Allies becameShow MoreRelated The Purpose of Theatre during the 20th Century1722 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the 20th Century Throughout centuries, theatre has been an enormous impact throughout society. During the 18th century, theatre had played a significant role to society because it emphasized Rationalism (The Age of Reason), which began to lead away from the limitations of Neoclassicism. Then in the 19th century, theatre was important because it introduced Melodrama or music drama to increasingly emphasize the emotions and personalities of the characters. 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Benefits of the Industrial Revolution - 1942 Words

The Second Industrial Revolution was sparked by the creation of the railroad. During the Civil War, railroads existed and were helpful in bringing supplies to troops, but they weren’t very reliable as they would only go on for as long as the owner of the railroad had land. When the owner of the railroad ran out of land, the railroad would end, and people would have to move the things from the railroad to another railroad. People did realize, however, how well a railroad could work if they were all connected. They found that they could make money from the people using their railroad and riding on the trains, and soon people connected their local railroads together. Railroad barons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, bought small railroads from†¦show more content†¦Andrew Carnegie had a major impact on the second Industrial Revolution. J.P. Morgan was the leader in the banking industry.In the 1890’s Morgan and his friends invested money in the stock of troubled corporations. They won seats on the boards of directors because they were stock holders and from there they directed companies in a way that avoided competition and made money. Morgan ended up gaining control of most of the nations major rail lines. Then he began to buy up steel companies and he put them together into one large corporation. By 1901, Morgan was the head of the United States Steel Company (which included Carnegie Steel) and this was the first business in the US to be worth more then $1 million. During the second Industrial Revolution many inventions were created that simplified life. Some major inventors were Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Henry Bessemer, George Eastman and George Pullman. Thomas Edison created the light bulb using electricity in 1878. The light bulb made it possible to create light at night without the hazard and struggle with a candle and matches-just a flick and the light was on. 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Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 14 Free Essays

string(59) " the oblong ball we’d been tossing two weeks before\." I woke the next morning and stretched my arms outward, dejected when I touched nothing but goose-down pillows. A slight indentation in the mattress next to me was the only proof that what had happened had been real, and not one of the fever dreams I’d been having since Rosalyn’s death. Of course, I couldn’t expect Katherine to have spent the night with me. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not with her maid waiting at the carriage house, and not with the way the servants talked. She’d told me herself that this had to be our secret, that she couldn’t risk ruining her reputation. Not that she had to worry about that. I wanted us to have our own secret world, together. I wondered when she’d slipped away, remembering the feeling of her in my arms, a warmth and lightness I’d never felt before. I felt whole, and at peace, and the thoughtof Rosalyn was just a vague memory, a character in an unpleasant story that I’d simply put out of my mind. Now my mind was consumed with thoughts of Katherine: how she pulled the curtains closed as the summer storm pelted hail on the windows, how she’d allowed my hands to explore her exquisite body. At one point, I was caressing her neck when my hands fell on the clasp of the ornate blue cameo necklace she always wore. I began to unclasp it when Katherine had roughly pushed me away. â€Å"Don’t!† she’d said sharply, her hands flying to the clasp, making sure nothing had been disturbed. But then, once she patted the charm into place on the hollow of her neck, she’d resumed kissing me. I blushed as I remembered all the other places she did allow me to touch. I swung my legs out of bed, walked toward the hand basin, and splashed water on my face. I looked in the mirror and smiled. The dark circles were gone from my eyes, and it no longer felt like an effort to walk from one side of the room to the other. I changed into my waistcoat and dark-blue breeches and left the chambers humming. â€Å"Sir?† Alfred asked on the stairs. He was holding a silver-domed platter–my breakfast. My lip curled in disgust. How could I have lain in bed for an entire week when there was a whole world to discover with Katherine? â€Å"I’m quite well, thank you, Alfred,† I said as I took the stairs two at a time. The storm from last night had disappeared as quickly as it came. In the sunroom, the early-morning light was sparkling through the floor-to- ceiling windows, and the table was decorated with freshly cut daisies. Damon was already there, drinking a mug of coffee while flipping through the morning paper from Richmond. â€Å"Hello, brother!† Damon said, holding up his coffee mug as if he were toasting me. â€Å"My, you look well. Did our afternoon ride do you some good, after all?† I nodded and sat opposite him, glancing at the headlines on the paper. The Union had taken Fort Morgan. I wondered where exactly that was. â€Å"I don’t know why we even get the paper. It’s not like Father cares about anything except the stories he makes up in his head,† Damon said disgustedly. â€Å"If you hate it here so much, why don’t you just leave?† I asked, suddenly annoyed with Damon’s constant grumbling. Maybe it would be better if he were gone, so that Father wouldn’t be so frustrated. An odious voice in the back of my mind silently added, And so I don’t have to think about you and Katherine, swinging on the porch swing together. Damon raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Well, I’d be remiss if I didn’t say things were interesting here.† His lips curved in a private sort of smile that made me suddenly want to grab his shoulders and shake him. The force of my emotions surprised me, so much so that I had to sit down and shove into my mouth a muffin from the overflowing basket on the table. I’d never felt jealous of my brother before, but suddenly I was dying to know: Had Katherine ever snuck up to his bedroom? She couldn’t have. Last night, she’d seemed so nervous about getting caught, having me promise over and over again that I’d never breathe a word to anybody about what we’d done. Betsy, the cook, came in, her arms laden with plates of grits, bacon, and eggs. My stomach rumbled, and I realized I was starving. I quickly tucked in, reveling in the saltiness of the eggs combined with the sweet bitterness of my coffee. It was as if I’d never tasted breakfast before and my senses were finally awakened. I sighed in contentment, and Damon looked up in amusement. â€Å"I knew all you needed was some fresh air and good food,† Damon said. And Katherine, I thought. â€Å"Now let’s go outside and cause some trouble.† Damon smiled wickedly. â€Å"Father’s in his study, doing his demon studies. Do you know he even has Robert in on it?† Damon shook his head in disgust. I sighed. While I didn’t necessarily believe all the discussion about demons, I did respect Father enough to not make fun of his thoughts. It made me feel vaguely disloyal to hear Damon’s dismissal of him. â€Å"I’m sorry, brother.† Damon shook his head and scraped his chair back against the slate floor. â€Å"I know you don’t like it when Father and I fight.† He walked over to me, pulling out my chair from under me, almost causing me to fall. I scrambled to my feet and good-naturedly shoved him back. â€Å"That’s better!† Damon called with glee. â€Å"Now, let’s go!† He ran out the back door, letting the door slam shut. Cordelia used to scream at us for that offense as children, and I laughed when I heard her familiar groan from the kitchen. I ran toward the center of the lawn, where Damon had unearthed the oblong ball we’d been tossing two weeks before. You read "Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 14" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Here, brother! Catch!† Damon panted, and I turned and leapt into the air, just in time to catch the pigskin in my arms. I pulled it tightly to my chest and began running toward the stable, the wind whipping my face. â€Å"Y boys!† a voice called, stopping me in my ou tracks. Katherine was standing on the porch of the carriage house, wearing a simple, cream-colored muslin dress and looking so innocent and sweet that I couldn’t believe that what happened last night wasn’t a dream. â€Å"Burning off excess energy? â€Å" I sheepishly turned around and walked toward the porch. â€Å"Playing catch!† I explained, hastily throwing the ball to Damon. Katherine reached behind her, braiding her curls down the back of her neck. I had a sudden fear that she thought we were tiresome with our childish game and that she’d come out here to scold us for waking her so early. But she simply smiled as she settled on the porch swing. â€Å"Are you ready to play?† Damon called from his position on the lawn. He held the ball far back behind his head as if he were about to throw it toward her. â€Å"Absolutely not.† Katherine wrinkled her nose. â€Å"Once was enough. Besides, I feel people who need props for their games and sports are lacking in imagination.† â€Å"Stefan has imagination.† Damon smirked. â€Å"Y should hear him read poetry. He’s like a ou troubadour.† He dropped the ball and ran toward the porch. â€Å"Damon has imagination. too. Y should see ou the imaginative way he plays cards,† I teased as I reached the steps of the porch. Katherine nodded at me as I bowed to her but didn’t make any other effort to greet me. I stepped back, momentarily stung. Why hadn’t she at least given me her hand to kiss? Hadn’t last night meant anything to her? † I am imaginative, especially when I have a muse.† Damon winked at Katherine, then stepped in front of me to grab her hand. He brought it to his lips, and my stomach churned. â€Å"Thank you,† Katherine said, standing up and walking down the porch steps, her simple skirts swishing down the stairs. With her hair pulled back from her eyes, she reminded me of an angel. She gave me a secret smile, and finally I relaxed. â€Å"It’s beautiful here,† Katherine said, spreading her arms as if blessing the entire estate. â€Å"Will you show me around?† she asked, turning and glancing first at Damon, then at me, then back at Damon again. â€Å"I’ve lived here for more than two weeks, and I’ve barely seen anything besides my bedchambers and the gardens. I want to see something new. Something secret!† â€Å"We have a maze,† I said stupidly. Damon elbowed me in the ribs. Not like he had anything better to say. â€Å"I know,† Katherine said. â€Å"Damon showed me.† My stomach fell at the reminder of how much time the two of them had spent together in the week I was in my sickbed. And if he’d shown her the maze †¦ But I pushed the thought out of my head as best I could. Damon had always told me about all the women he’d kissed, ever since we were thirteen and he and Amelia Hawke had kissed on the Wickery Bridge. If he had kissed Katherine, I would have heard about it. â€Å"I’d love to see it again,† Katherine said, clapping her hands together as if I’d just told her the most interesting news in the world. â€Å"Will you both escort me?† she asked hopefully, glancing at us. â€Å"Of course,† we said at the same time. â€Å"Oh, wonderful! I must tell Emily.† Katherine dashed inside, leaving us standing on opposite ends of the stairs. â€Å"She’s quite a woman, isn’t she?† Damon asked. â€Å"She is,† I said shortly. Before I could say anything else, Katherine came bounding down the stairs, holding a sun umbrella in one hand. â€Å"I’m ready for our adventure!† she cried, handing me her parasol, an expectant look on her face. I hooked it over the crook of my arm, while Katherine linked arms with Damon. I walked a few feet behind, watching the easy way their hips bumped each other, as if she were simply his younger, teasing sister. I relaxed. That was it. Damon was always protective and was simply being a big brother to Katherine. And she needed that. I whistled under my breath as I followed them. We had a small labyrinth in the front garden, but the maze on the far corner of the property was expansive, built from a boggy marsh by my father, who had been determined to impress our mother. She’d loved to garden and had always bemoaned the fact that the flowers that bloomed in her native France simply couldn’t withstand the hard Virginia soil. The area always smelled of roses and clematis and was always the first place couples would retreat to when they wanted to be alone at a Veritas party. The servants had superstitions about the maze: that a child conceived in the maze would be blessed for life, that if you kissed your true love in the center of the maze, you’d be bonded for life, but that if you told a lie while within its walls, you’d be cursed forever. Today it felt almost magical: The arbors and vines provided shade from the sun, making it seem that the three of us were in an enchanted world togethe r–away from death and war. â€Å"It’s even more beautiful than I remembered!† Katherine explained. â€Å"It’s like a storybook. Like the Luxembourg Gardens or the Palace of Versailles!† She plucked a calla lily and inhaled deeply. I paused and glanced at her. â€Å"Y ou’ve been to Europe, then?† I asked, feeling as provincial as any of the country bumpkins who lived in the shanty town on the other side of Mystic Falls, the ones who pronounced the word creek like crick and who already had four or five children by the time they were our age. â€Å"I’ve been everywhere,† Katherine said simply. She tucked the lily behind her ear. â€Å"So, tell me, boys, how did you amuse yourselves when you didn’t have a mysterious stranger to impress with a tour of your grounds?† â€Å"We entertain pretty young things with real Southern hospitality.† Damon smirked, falling into his overdone accent that always made me laugh. Katherine rewarded him with a giggle, and I smiled. Now that I saw Damon and Katherine’s flirtatious friendship as being as innocent as the relationship of cousins, I could enjoy their banter. â€Å"Damon’s right. Our Founders Ball is just a few weeks away,† I said, my spirits lifting as I realized that I was free to go to the ball with whoever I pleased. I couldn’t wait to twirl Katherine in my arms. â€Å"And you’ll be the prettiest girl. Even the girls from Richmond and Charlottesville will be jealous!† Damon pronounced. â€Å"Really? Why, I think I should like that. Is that wicked of me?† Katherine asked, glancing from Damon to me. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"Y Damon said at the same time. â€Å"And I, for es,† one, think more girls should admit their wicked natures. After all, we all know the fairer sex has a dark side. Remember when Clementine cut off Amelia’s hair?† Damon turned toward me. â€Å"Y es,† I chuckled, happy to play the role of storyteller for Katherine’s amusement. â€Å"Clementine thought Amelia was being too forward with Matthew Hartnett, and since Clem fancied him, she decided she’d take it in her own hands to make Amelia less attractive.† Katherine put her hand over her mouth in a gesture of exaggerated concern. â€Å"I do hope poor Amelia’s recovered.† â€Å"She’s engaged to some soldier. Don’t worry about her,† Damon said. â€Å"In fact, you shouldn’t worry about anything. Y ou’re far too pretty.† â€Å"Well, I am worried about one thing.† Katherine widened her eyes. â€Å"Who shall escort me to the ball?† She swung her parasol back and forth on her arm as she gazed at the ground, as if thinking through a deep decision. My heart quickened as she looked up at both of us. â€Å"I know! Let’s have a race. Winner may get to take me!† She threw her parasol on the ground and ran off to the center of the maze. â€Å"Brother?† Damon asked, raising an eyebrow at me. â€Å"Ready?† I smiled, as if this were just a casual children’s footrace. I didn’t want Damon to know how fast my heart was beating, and how very much I wanted to catch Katherine. â€Å"Go!† Damon yelled. Immediately I began running. My hands and legs flailed, and I propelled myself into the maze. When we were in school, I was the fastest boy in the class, lightning quick when the school bell rang. Then I heard peals of laughter. I glanced back. Damon was doubled up over himself, slapping his knee. I gulped air, trying not to seem winded. â€Å"Scared to compete?† I said, running back and slugging Damon on the shoulder. I’d meant it to be a playful punch, but it landed with a heavy thud. â€Å"Oh, now we’re on, brother!† Damon said, his voice light and full of laughter. He grabbed my shoulders and wrestled me easily to the ground. I struggled to my feet and tackled him, throwing him onto his back and pinning down his wrists. â€Å"Think you can still lick your little brother?† I teased, enjoying my momentary victory. â€Å"No one came for me!† Katherine pouted, wandering out of the maze. Her frown quickly turned into a smile as she saw us on the ground, breathing heavily. â€Å"Good thing I’m here to save you both.† She knelt and pressed her lips first to Damon’s cheek, then to mine. I released Damon’s wrists and stood up, wiping the dirt off my breeches. â€Å"See?† she asked, as she offered an arm to Damon. â€Å"All you need is a kiss to make everything better–although you boys shouldn’t be such brutes with each other.† â€Å"We were fighting for you,† Damon said lazily, not bothering to stand up. Just then, the sound of horses’ hooves interrupted us. Alfred dismounted his horse and bowed to the three of us. It must have been a sight: Damon lying on the ground, resting his head on his hand as if he were simply reclining, me frantically brushing grass stains off my trousers, and Katherine standing between us, looking amused. â€Å"I’m sorry to interrupt,† Alfred said. â€Å"But Master Giuseppe needs to speak to Master Damon. It’s urgent.† â€Å"Of course it is. Everything is always urgent for Father. What do you bet he has another ridiculous theory he needs to discuss?† Damon said. Katherine lifted her parasol from the ground. â€Å"I should get going, too. I’m all disheveled, and I’m due to visit with Pearl at the apothecary.† â€Å"Come,† Alfred said, gesturing for Damon to jump onto the back of his horse. As Alfred and Damon rode away, Katherine and I slowly walked back to the carriage house. I wanted to bring up the Founders Ball again but found myself afraid to do so. â€Å"Y don’t need to keep pace with me. ou Perhaps you should keep your brother company,† Katherine suggested. â€Å"It seems that your father is a man who’s best taken on by two,† she observed. Her hand brushed my own and she grabbed my wrist. Then she stepped on her tiptoes and allowed her lips to graze my cheek. â€Å"Come see me tonight, sweet Stefan. My chambers will be open.† And with that, she broke off into a spirited run. She was like a colt, galloping free, and I felt my heart gallop along with her. There was no question: She felt the same way I did. And knowing that made me feel more alive than I ever had in my life. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 14, Essay examples

Mulan free essay sample

This type of literature called Yuefu which means a Chinese poem composed in a folk song style. Additionally, this term originally literally meant â€Å"Music Bureau†, a reference to the imperial Chinese governmental organization originally charged with collecting or writing the lyrics (web). The ballad of Mulan is one of the most famous ballad in the Yuefu Ballads which compiled by the Guo Maoqian in the 12th century. It describes a story, about a maiden Mulan disguised herself as a man to attend fight, occurred in the Northern Dynasties when barbarous Tujie invaded on the borders of Mulan’s homeland. From this story, we grasped that Mulan is a maiden who possesses filial devotion, patriotic heart, and indifference of fame and fortune and her story has a deep effect on Chinese women even today. Moreover, she also owns the spirit of revolution and resistance and gives us a long lasting figure of a patriotic and brave Chinese woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Mulan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, part of common people and scholars at that time did not agree with her actions. Because she did not comply with the conventional feminine code of conduct and challenge authority of feudal ideology. Women did not have the right to behave as a man at that time when all thought women are inferior to men. After reading the entire poem, the figure of Mulan was already rooted deeply in my mind. I found three aspects of Chinese traditional virtues that were appeared on this maiden. First of all, Mulan joined the army and went to war instead of her father as a result of filial devotion. People who admired filial devotion mean â€Å"they are filial toward their parents and fraternal toward their brothers†. We could know she was a filial and grateful maiden from her decision that disguised as a man to take her father’s place in the expedition when she confronted the dilemma. At that time, Mulan know her father was retired and too frail to fight, additionally, her brother was too young. Nevertheless, the emperor demanded that every family provide a soldier for his army that indicated from â€Å"The battle-roll was written in twelve scrolls, and every scroll carried my father’s name†. Therefore, Mulan dare to take the responsibility of her family to rush in the war so that her father could live out in the homeland and her younger brother could grownup far away from cruel battles. Even though she spent her beautiful youth and filial, she brought the easy and comfortable life to her family. Moreover, filial devotion was not the sole reason that motivated Mulan to fight but also her patriotic hearts. Otherwise, Mulan could just participate the troop and mingle with the army so that her family would exempt from the punishments. And no doubtful that a patriotic heart is the most powerful weapon that a soldier hold in hand. With a patriotic heart, Mulan become a courageous and skillful heroine from that innocent common maiden that we could portrayed from â€Å"On the northern wind came the sound of the sentry’s drum. The wintry light glinted upon her armor. † The war was so brutal and endless that illustrated by the poem â€Å"After a hundred battles the general was killed, ten years passed by and the warriors could go home†. However, Mulan still insisted on fighting against tenacious enemies because she could not allow the enemies seize her country and oppress her people. The patriotic emotion supports her to fight till the coming of victory in the end. After the victory of the war, Mulan refused the invitation of emperor to be a court official when she was already a general. She did not take â€Å"a reward of one hundred cash† either and just asked for â€Å"a camel will go a thousand leagues a day, to take her back to her old home†. Mulan is a maiden has independent thoughts and her own pursuit of life. She was not allured by money or interests and chose to enjoy indifferent life living like common people. In her mind, she was still an innocent maiden loves to be attractive that we can summarized from the words in the poem obviously â€Å"then I took off my soldier’s robes, and put on the dress that I was wont to wear. I stood at the window to dress my cloudy hair. I went to the mirror and put on my yellow makeup. † Therefore, Mulan was honest to her heart and free from the restriction of money and rights. She was still so brave to give up all honors and come back to the origin: be a considerable and filial daughter of her partners. Even though Mulan received the praise of emperor and the applause of most common people, there was still some suspicion in the ancient Chinese society. A group of conservative people especially men did not agree that Mulan’s action and viewed her behavior as a deviation from the conventional feminine code of conduct. Because according to the typical situation, traditional Chinese women should stay at home and focus their whole attention on their family, husband and children. Therefore, they even thought letting women stay at home would be protection for them. Furthermore, traditional women stressed virginity, but Mulan stayed with other men all days and had body contact inevitably. So through their point of view, Mulan was considered to be lacking in virtue. In sum, the opposition of the conservative group was originated from the same perspective that men and women could not be equal. This unshakable opinion was stemmed deeply in their mind but it was fatuous indeed. Everyone in the country has the responsibility to protect their own land no matter what gender they are. Mulan agreed with it by her action that she took duties to fight for her family as a son and for her country as a man. She did not care others’ rejection because she contended the benefit of her family and country outweighed her own reputation. People would respect and understand her decision made in such an urgent situation. So Mulan challenged the authority of feudal ideology fearlessly and expected the equality between sexes. Another group of people questioned the real reason of Mulan to refuse the official court. They thought her resignation was just an artifice to evade the penalization. In ancient China, army had the strict rules indicated that women were absolutely forbidden to goof around the troop. And Mulan concealed her identity intentionally until she went back home so that her partners were shocked when they saw as the poem said â€Å"living with you for full twelve years, yet never knew that Mulan was a girl! †. Consequently, people deemed that her resignation was not caused by her indifference and love to her parents. However, we could know her decision was made by careful consideration from the description of the poem. First, as we all known men had more advantages than women in fighting and so does Mulan. But, Nowadays, Chinese women prefer to compete with men in their career and share housework with their husband rather than become a housewife and stay at home all day. They are independent and pursue the equality of men and women. Likewise Chinese men prefer to respect women’ choice and abandon the male chauvinism in their thoughts.